In the middle of the 18th century, India actually stood on pasture. Various historical forces were in motion, as a result of which the country moved towards a new direction. Some historians consider it to be the year 1740, when the Anglo-French struggle for supremacy in India began.
This was a time in Indian history when various developments were taking place. It was not natural at the time, as it appears today, that the Mughal Empire was in its final stages, the Maratha state could not recover from the situation and British domination could not be avoided. However, the circumstances under which the British succeeded were not clear and the British had to face some deadlocks, which were not of serious nature. This contradiction makes the reasons for the success of the establishment of the British Empire in India a matter of great importance. The reasons for the success of the British are discussed below:
Military Discipline
Military discipline of the British is considered to be the main reason for their success. Arranged for regular payment of salary and ensured strict integrity of discipline. Most of the Indian rulers did not have enough money to pay the salaries of the army regularly. Indian rulers relied on private family members or hired soldiers who were not accountable to discipline and could be rebellious or, when the situation was not right, in protest camps.
Excellent Weapons
The British were excellent in weapons, military strategy and politics. The firearms used by the Indian powers in the 18th century were extremely slow and heavy, and were superseded by European cannons and cannons used by the British, both in terms of speed and range. European infantry could attack three times faster than Indian cavalry. It is true that many Indian rulers imported European weapons and hired European officers to train their soldiers to use European weapons. But unfortunately, the Indian army and administrators were never able to rise above the level of a novice and could not match the British officers and their trained soldiers in the slightest.
Bright Leadership
Talented leadership provided another advantage to the British. Clive, Warren Hastings, Elphinstone, Monroe, Marcuse, Dalhousie etc displayed rare leadership qualities. The Indian side also had talented leadership such as Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan, Chin Klich Khan, Madhav Rao Scindia and Jaswant Rao Holkar, but they often lacked trained second line personnel. The worst part is that the way they fought against the British, the Indian leadership was at war against each other. They did not inspire the spirit of struggle or war for the unity and integrity of India.
Strong Financial Compensation or Financial Soundness
The British were financially strong as the company never allowed the trade and commerce angle to deteriorate. The income of the company was so high that it not only paid handsome dividends to its shareholders but also financed the war by the British in India.
Civil Discipline
Another factor was the civil discipline of the officers and soldiers of the Company. They were assigned the task on the basis of their credibility and skill and not on the basis of their lineage or caste and lineage. He himself was under strict discipline and was conscious of the objectives. In contrast, Indian administrators and military officers often disregarded virtues and abilities, their abilities were questionable and they often became rebellious and treacherous to further their vested interests.
Nationalist Campaign
Above all, the economically advanced British believed in material advancement and campaigned for their national pride. Whereas the weak-divided-selfish Indians were steeped in ignorance and religious backwardness and lacked the spirit of unwavering political nationalism.
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