What is Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and how does it affect the weather around the world?
Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a sea-atmosphere phenomenon that affects weather activities around the world. Let's study about it in detail.
Sources : climate.gov
MJO influences weather activities around the world. Because
the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a Sea-atmospheric phenomenon.
Why is Madden-Julian
Oscillation (MJO) in the limelight?
As we know that between October and December in India, cyclonic storms occur in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. But in the month of October this year, no cyclonic storm occurred. La Nina in the equatorial Pacific Ocean is believed to be responsible for this.
What is La Nina?
When the temperature at the sea surface is lower than normal, these conditions are called La Nina. It is being told that such conditions have been in the equatorial Pacific Ocean since August of this year. Let us tell you that Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) has been considered the reason for the weak circumstances of La Nina.
Who discovered
Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and when?
The Maiden – Julian Oscillation (MJO) was first introduced in 1970 by Dr. Paul Julian and Dr. Roland Madden discovered this when he was studying tropical winds and pressure patterns. During this time he regularly observed oscillations between Singapore and Canton Island in the west-central equatorial Pacific.
What is Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)?
MJO can be depicted
as an eastward active cloud near the equator and a major component or
determinant of rainfall that typically iterates itself every 30 to 60 days. It
would not be wrong to say that the summer season plays an important role in
determining the part of the monsoon.
However, MJO is not always present in tropical atmospheres.
Its effects are most pronounced in the Indian Ocean and the western equatorial
Pacific Ocean.
There can be multiple MJO events within a season, and hence
MJO is forbidden as an intrasensal tropical climate variation i.e. it varies
from week to week.
It also affects the origin and intensity of major global monsoon patterns along with the Indian and Australian monsoons.
Tropical cyclones also have an impact on the MJO phenomenon.
Most tropical rain thunderstorms occur in the areas where MJO is affected. Due to rain, cold increases in those areas.
Let us now study the phases of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO).
MJO has mainly two Phases. One is the phase of convection or enhanced rainfall and the other is the phase of suppressed rainfall. Strong MJO activity often disintegrates the planet in half: one half the growing vascular phase and the other half the suppressed vascular phase. These two phases produce opposite changes in clouds and rainfall and propagate the entire dipole eastward. The location of convective phases is often classified into geographically based phases as shown in the figure by meteorologists numbered 1–8.
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| Source : climate.gov |
In PHASE 1, the area of precipitation due to convection
develops over the western Indian Ocean of MJO.
In PHASE 2 and 3, the area of rainfall gradually increases
in the east and parts of Africa, Indian Ocean and Indian subcontinent.
The area of rainfall in PHASE 4 and 5 reaches Indonesia
and the West Pacific Ocean.
Precipitation in PHASE 6,7 and 8 moves east over the West
Pacific Ocean and then finally ends in the Central Pacific.
Does MJO have any effect on weather around the world?
Many ways of MJO affect the weather in the world. As such, MJO creates favorable conditions for tropical cyclones.
The MJO has control over the arrival of the monsoon. It also has an effect on El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
MJO helps to increase
the origin and intensity of El Nino and La Nina.
So now you must have known about the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) its PHASES and what effect it has on the weather.
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